Publications

My research interests are focused in two areas: tumor and immune cell migratory properties and development of new tools for (imaging) data analysis. Below you can see my most relevant publications. The full list of publications can be found on Researchgate.





2022

Nature Biotechnology

Florijn Dekkers*; Maria Alieva*; Astrid Cleven; Farid Keramati; Amber Wezenaar; Esmée van Vliet; Jens Puschhof; Peter Brazda; Inez Johanna; Angelo Meringa; Heggert Rebel; Maj-Brit Buchholz; Mario Barrera Roman; Amber Zeeman; Sam de Blank; Domenico Fasci; Maarten Geurts; Annelisa Cornel; Else Driehuis; Rosemary Millen; Trudy Straetemans; Mara Nicolasen; Tieneke Aarts-Riemens; Hendrikus Ariese; Hannah Johnson; Ravian van Ineveld; Froso Karaiskaki; Oded Kopper; Yotam Bar-Ephraim; Kai Kretzschmar; Alexander Eggermont; Stefan Nierkens; Ellen Wehrens; Henk Stunnenenberg; Hans Clevers; Jurgen Kuball; Zsolt Sebestyen; Anne Rios.

Cellular immunotherapies are rapidly gaining clinical importance, yet predictive platforms for modeling their mode of action are lacking. Here, we developed a dynamic immuno-organoid 3D imaging-transcriptomics platform; BEHAV3D, to unravel the behavioral and underlying molecular mechanisms of solid tumor targeting. Applied to an emerging cancer metabolome-sensing immunotherapy: TEGs, we first demonstrate targeting of multiple breast cancer subtypes. Live-tracking of over 120,000 TEGs revealed a diverse behavioral landscape and identified a ‘super engager’ cluster with serial killing capability. Inference of single-cell behavior with transcriptomics identified the gene signature of ‘super engager’ killer TEGs, which contained 27 genes with no previously described T cell function. Furthermore, guided by a dynamic type 1 interferon (IFN-I) signaling module induced by high TEG-sensitive organoids, we show that IFN-I can prime resistant organoids for TEG-mediated killing. Thus, BEHAV3D characterizes behavioral-phenotypic heterogeneity of cellular immunotherapies and holds promise for improving solid tumor-targeting in a patient-specific manner.






2022

EMBO Journal

Ravian L van Ineveld, Esmée J van Vliet, Ellen J Wehrens, Maria Alieva, Anne C Rios

Our understanding of the cellular composition and architecture of cancer has primarily advanced using 2D models and thin slice samples. This has granted spatial information on fundamental cancer biology and treatment response. However, tissues contain a variety of interconnected cells with different functional states and shapes, and this complex organization is impossible to capture in a single plane. Furthermore, tumours have been shown to be highly heterogenous, requiring large-scale spatial analysis to reliably profile their cellular and structural composition. Volumetric imaging permits the visualization of intact biological samples, thereby revealing the spatio-phenotypic and dynamic traits of cancer. This review focuses on new insights into cancer biology uniquely brought to light by 3D imaging and concomitant progress in cancer modelling and quantitative analysis. 3D imaging has the potential to generate broad knowledge advance from major mechanisms of tumour progression to new strategies for cancer treatment and patient diagnosis. We discuss the expected future contributions of the newest imaging trends towards these goals and the challenges faced for reaching their full application in cancer research.








2021


Nature Biotechnology


R.L. van Ineveld#, M. Kleinnijenhuis#, M. Alieva±, S. de Blank±, M. Barrera Roman, E. J. van Vliet, C. Martínez Mir, H. R. Johnson, F. L. Bos, R. Heukers, S. M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes, J. Drost, J.F. Dekkers, E.J. Wehrens, and A.C. Rios.

Despite advances in three-dimensional (3D) imaging, it remains challenging to profile all the cells within a large 3D tissue, including the morphology and organization of the many cell types present. Here, we introduce eight-color, multispectral, large-scale single-cell resolution 3D (mLSR-3D) imaging and image analysis software for the parallelized, deep learning–based segmentation of large numbers of single cells in tissues, called segmentation analysis by parallelization of 3D datasets (STAPL-3D). Applying the method to pediatric Wilms tumor, we extract molecular, spatial and morphological features of millions of cells and reconstruct the tumor’s spatio-phenotypic patterning. In situ population profiling and pseudotime ordering reveals a highly disorganized spatial pattern in Wilms tumor compared to healthy fetal kidney, yet cellular profiles closely resembling human fetal kidney cells could be observed. In addition, we identify previously unreported tumor-specific populations, uniquely characterized by their spatial embedding or morphological attributes. Our results demonstrate the use of combining mLSR-3D and STAPL-3D to generate a comprehensive cellular map of human tumors. An imaging software for large-scale microscopy data shows how cells are organized in tissues.








2020


Frontiers in Oncology


T A Kluiver*, M Alieva*, D G van Vuurden, . J Wehrens, A.C Rios.

Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is a rare, highly aggressive pediatric brain tumor that originates in the pons. DIPG is untreatable and universally fatal, with a median life expectancy of less than a year. Resection is not an option, due to the anatomical location of the tumor, radiotherapy has limited effect and no chemotherapeutic or targeted treatment approach has proven to be successful. This poor prognosis is partly attributed to the tumor's highly infiltrative diffuse and invasive spread. Thus, targeting the invasive behavior of DIPG has the potential to be of therapeutic value. In order to target DIPG invasion successfully, detailed mechanistic knowledge on the underlying drivers is required. Here, we review both DIPG tumor cell's intrinsic molecular processes and extrinsic environmental factors contributing to DIPG invasion. Importantly, DIPG represents a heterogenous disease and through advances in whole-genome sequencing, different subtypes of disease based on underlying driver mutations are now being recognized. Recent evidence also demonstrates intra-tumor heterogeneity in terms of invasiveness and implies that highly infiltrative tumor subclones can enhance the migratory behavior of neighboring cells. This might partially be mediated by “tumor microtubes,” long membranous extensions through which tumor cells connect and communicate, as well as through the secretion of extracellular vesicles. Some of the described processes involved in invasion are already being targeted in clinical trials. However, more research into the mechanisms of DIPG invasion is urgently needed and might result in the development of an effective therapy for children suffering from this devastating disease. We discuss the implications of newly discovered invasive mechanisms for therapeutic targeting and the challenges therapy development face in light of disease in the developing brain.








2019


Nature Protocols


J.F Dekkers, M.Alieva, L.M Wellens, H.C R Ariese, P.R Jamieson, A.M Vonk, G.D Amatngalim, H.Hu, K.C Oost, H.J.G. Snippert, J.M Beekman, E. J Wehrens, J.E Visvader, H.Clevers, A.C Rios.

In vitro 3D organoid systems have revolutionized the modeling of organ development and diseases in a dish. Fluorescence microscopy has contributed to the characterization of the cellular composition of organoids and demonstrated organoids' phenotypic resemblance to their original tissues. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for performing high-resolution 3D imaging of entire organoids harboring fluorescence reporters and upon immunolabeling. This method is applicable to a wide range of organoids of differing origins and of various sizes and shapes. We have successfully used it on human airway, colon, kidney, liver and breast tumor organoids, as well as on mouse mammary gland organoids. It includes a simple clearing method utilizing a homemade fructose-glycerol clearing agent that captures 3D organoids in full and enables marker quantification on a cell-by-cell basis. Sample preparation has been optimized for 3D imaging by confocal, super-resolution confocal, multiphoton and light-sheet microscopy. From organoid harvest to image analysis, the protocol takes 3 d.







2019


Journal of Visualized Experiments


M.Alieva, A.C Rios.

Biopsies are standard of care for cancer treatment and are clinically beneficial as they allow solid tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment determination. However, perturbation of the tumor architecture by biopsy and other invasive procedures has been associated with undesired effects on tumor progression, which need to be studied in depth to further improve the clinical benefit of these procedures. Conventional static approaches, which only provide a snapshot of the tumor, are limited in their ability to reveal the impact of biopsy on tumor cell behavior such as migration, a process closely related to tumor malignancy. In particular, tumor cell migration is the key in highly aggressive brain tumors, where local tumor dissemination makes total tumor resection virtually impossible. The development of multiphoton imaging and chronic imaging windows allows scientists to study this dynamic process in living animals over time. Here, we describe a method for the high-resolution longitudinal imaging of brain tumor cells before and after a biopsy in the same living animal. This approach makes it possible to study the impact of this procedure on tumor cell behavior (migration, invasion, and proliferation). Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and limitations of this technique, as well as the ability of this methodology to study changes in the cancer cell behavior for other surgical interventions, including tumor resection or the implantation of chemotherapy wafers.






2019


Scientific Reports


M.Alieva, V. Leidgens, M. Remenschneider, C. A. Klein, P Hau, J. van Rheenen.

The pathogenesis of glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by highly invasive behavior allowing dissemination and progression. A conclusive image of the invasive process is not available. The aim of this work was to study invasion dynamics in GBM using an innovative in vivo imaging approach. Primary brain tumor initiating cell lines from IDH-wild type GBM stably expressing H2B-Dendra2 were implanted orthotopically in the brains of SCID mice. Using high-resolution time-lapse intravital imaging, tumor cell migration in the tumor core, border and invasive front was recorded. Tumor cell dynamics at different border configurations were analyzed and multivariate linear modelling of tumor cell spreading was performed. We found tumor border configurations, recapitulating human tumor border morphologies. Not only tumor borders but also the tumor core was composed of highly dynamic cells, with no clear correlation to the ability to spread into the brain. Two types of border configurations contributed to tumor cell spreading through distinct invasion patterns: an invasive margin that executes slow but directed invasion, and a diffuse infiltration margin with fast but less directed movement. By providing a more detailed view on glioma invasion patterns, our study may improve accuracy of prognosis and serve as a basis for personalized therapeutic approaches.






2017


Scientific Reports


Alieva M, Margarido A.S, Wieles T., Abels E.R, Colak B, Boquetale C, Noordmans H.J, Broekman M.L, van Rheenen J.

Although biopsies and tumor resection are prognostically beneficial for glioblastomas (GBM), potential negative effects have also been suggested. Here, using retrospective study of patients and intravital imaging of mice, we identify some of these negative aspects, including stimulation of proliferation and migration of non-resected tumor cells, and provide a strategy to prevent these adverse effects. By repeated high-resolution intravital microscopy, we show that biopsy-like injury in GBM induces migration and proliferation of tumor cells through chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2)-dependent recruitment of macrophages. Blocking macrophage recruitment or administrating dexamethasone, a commonly used glucocorticoid to prevent brain edema in GBM patients, suppressed the observed inflammatory response and subsequent tumor growth upon biopsy both in mice and in multifocal GBM patients. Taken together, our study suggests that inhibiting CCL-2-dependent recruitment of macrophages may further increase the clinical benefits from surgical and biopsy procedures.